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Wednesday, October 5, 2011

Mother's love

Read this heart touching story:

Wednesday, September 28, 2011

Saturday, September 24, 2011

Local anesthetic MCQ








Antiarrhythmic drugs

  • These drugs are used to treat or prevent irregular cardiac rhythm such as impaired conductions or abnormal automaticity.
  • There are several factors that cause cardiac arrhythmias e.g MI, ischemia, mechanical injury, electrolyts and pH imbalance, drugs and neurogenic influences.



Classification:

Class I : Na+ Channel blockers ( Membrane stabilizing agents )


      IA: Lengthen the AP ( right shift )
  • Qunidine
  • Disopyramide
  • Procainamide [ used in WPW syndrome
              -Open state Na+ channel blockers
              -Suppress AV conduction
              -Prolong P-R interval
              -Prolong QRS, Q-T and Action potential duration  


 IB: Shorten the AP ( left shift)
  • Lignocaine
  • Mexiletine
  • Phenytoin 
 IC: Not significantly affect AP (no shift)
  • Propafenone
  • Flecainide
  • Moricizine [Also have calss III property]
  [ Remmbered as: Queen have Pelvic Disease, LMP was More PainFull ]




Class II: B- Blockers ( Antiadrenergic agents )
- They act by blocking Catecholamine at the B- adrenergic receptors => Decrease sympathetic activity on the heart => Decreae AV node conduction.
  • Propanolol (also have class I property)
  • Atenolol
  • Pindolol
  • Sotalol 
  • Metoprolol / Bisoprolol
  • Esmolol 
  • Acebutolol
  • R
  • Timolol

                [ Remembered as Two(II) PAP SMEAR Test ]


Class III: K+ Channel blockers ( AP widening agents)
    These drugs block K+ channel =>  Prolong repolarization and Effective refractory period (ERP). Do not block Na+ channel hence conduction velocity is not decreased => Prevent Re-entrant arrhythmias
  • Bretylium
  • Ibutilide
  • Amiodarone
  • Sotalol
  • E-4031
  • Dofetilide / Dronedarone
               [Remembered as Three (III) BIASED AP widening agents.]
     
Class IV: Ca++ Channel blockers:
Block Ca++ channel=> Decrease AV node conduction and shortens plateau phase of AP => Reduce cardiac contractility. Avoid in heart failure due to decrease cardiac cantractility.
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
 Class V [ Contraindicated in Ventricular arrhythmias]
  • Magnesium sulfate [Used in Torsades de Pointe]
  • Adenosine [Used in Supraventricular tachycardia (SPVT)]
  • Digoxin [Used in Atrial fibrillation, heart failure]
   [ Antiarrhythmic agents mnemonics:  One(I) Queen have Pelvic Disease, LMP was More PainFull, two(II) PAP SMEAR Test was done, and three(III) BIASED AP widening agents used are Very Dangerous and MAD]


More related topics:

Thursday, September 22, 2011

Lignocaine

General features of Lignocaine ( lidocaine )

  • It is most widely used LA
  • It is amino amide linked of local anesthetics [Other amino amide linked LAs are: Bupivacaine, Dibucaine, Etidocaine, Levobupivacaine, Prilocaine, Ropivacaine]
  • It blocks nerve conduction within 3 minutes after injection.
  • Lignocaine is rapid acting local anesthetics used in medical practice.

Sunday, September 11, 2011

Cor pulmonale

   It is defined as right heart failure due to long standing pulmonary hypertension. Which leads to enlargement of the right ventricles and eventually right heart failure ensues.

Jugular Venous Pulse, Pressure and abnormalities

Jugular Venous Pressure is pressure of right atrium. If pressure of right atrial is high then JVP also increase if right atrial pressure is low JVP also low.

Sunday, August 14, 2011

Saturday, August 13, 2011

Mesothelioma



Definition:
  It is very rare form of malignant tumour that develops from the lining of the internal organs known as mesothelium.

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

Atrial Fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate

Definition:
 Atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is defined as abnormal irregularly irregular heart rhythm due to rapid, chaotic, asynchronous and incordinated atrial contraction.

Thursday, July 7, 2011

E-book and FIle

DOWNLOAD FOLLOWING LINK:


http://q.gs/770453/w7
http://j.gs/770453/v

Click Skip ads and unlock to get file.

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Pin Point Pupils

Pinpoint pupils mnemonics

Organophosphorus poisoning

Organophosphorus posoining mnemonics

β- Adrenergic receptor mnemonics

This is all about β- Adrenergic mnemonics

Metformin ( Biguanide ) contraindications

Metformin Contraindications:

Propanolol contraindicated in following conditions

B- Blocker contraindications, cuation mnemonics

1, B- blocker Contraindications mnemonics

Saturday, June 11, 2011

IntraUterine Devices


Intra Uterine Devices Quizzes:

Sunday, May 22, 2011

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